Detailed explanation of retaining walls

Retaining walls are used to carry oblique pressures from different ground or water levels, both ground and surface, and can be considered ground dams, detailing this wall and the main forces affecting it.
These walls can be used to carry slanted ceilings, basements or fences with high altitudelengths as they withstand the pressure of wind or soil that is located in low levels of the ground surface and these walls may need prominent supports from the construction determines the shape of the support wall so that gives the greatest possible resistance with the least amount of building materials and depend on the resistance of the pressures on these walls

Retaining walls are usually built to hold back soil mass. However, 

retaining walls can also be constructed for aesthetic landscaping purposes.

Classification of Retaining walls

1- Gravity wall-Masonry or Plain concrete

2-  Cantilever retaining wall-RCC

3-  Counterfort retaining wall-RCC

4-  Buttress wall-RCC

this excel sheet introduces Design of Counterfort Retaining wall according to ACI

Shet Excel for the design of the supporting walls retaining wall Downlaod here